In shield tunnel construction, the installation of shield segment bolts in a narrow space faces many challenges, and efficient installation technology is essential to ensure construction progress and quality.
First, the development of special installation tools is key. Due to the small space, conventional tools are difficult to use, so it is necessary to design electric or pneumatic wrenches that are small, flexible, and have sufficient torque output capacity. For example, a compact right-angle head wrench can be used, and its unique shape can better adapt to the narrow gap between the pipe segment and the surrounding structure, making it easier for operators to tighten bolts in a confined space and improve installation efficiency.
The pre-positioning design of the bolts is also indispensable. Before the pipe segment is transported and assembled, precise bolt positioning grooves or guide devices can be set on the pipe segment. In this way, when the pipe segment is docked, the bolt can fall into the predetermined position quickly and accurately, reducing the time and difficulty of manually adjusting the bolt position during installation. For example, the use of a magnetic positioning sleeve can absorb the bolt at the moment of segment splicing, so that it can be quickly aligned with the screw hole, greatly speeding up the installation process.
It is also important to optimize the installation sequence. According to the characteristics of the narrow space, a reasonable bolt installation sequence should be formulated, such as using a symmetrical, step-by-step tightening method. First install a few bolts at key locations for preliminary positioning, and then expand and tighten other bolts in turn. This sequence can effectively prevent the segments from shifting or misaligning during installation, reduce the time spent on adjusting the segment position, and ensure that the bolts are evenly stressed, improving the quality of the connection.
Training and skill improvement of operators are the guarantee of efficient installation. Working in a small space requires higher operator proficiency, spatial perception and adaptability. Through professional training, operators can be familiar with the use of special tools, master precise installation techniques, and be able to respond quickly and correctly when encountering problems. For example, simulate a small space environment for actual operation drills, so that operators can accumulate experience and improve the efficiency of installing bolts under complex conditions.
In addition, improved lighting and ventilation conditions can help improve installation efficiency. In a small space, good lighting allows operators to clearly see the bolt hole position and installation status, and promptly detect and deal with problems. Adequate ventilation can ensure the health and work comfort of operators, allowing them to continue to work efficiently. For example, portable lighting equipment with adjustable angles and brightness, as well as small and efficient ventilation devices, can be used to create a favorable environment for installation work.
A quality inspection and real-time feedback mechanism should also be established. During the bolt installation process, high-precision inspection tools should be used in a timely manner to inspect the installation torque, bolt position, etc. Once deviations or unqualified conditions are found, adjustments should be made immediately. The inspection data is fed back to operators and managers in real time through wireless transmission technology so that timely measures can be taken to avoid rework caused by quality problems and further improve the overall installation efficiency.
Through the comprehensive application of special tool development, pre-positioning design, installation sequence optimization, personnel training, environmental improvement, quality inspection and feedback and other technical measures, the efficient installation of shield segment bolts in a small space can be effectively achieved, promoting the smooth progress of shield tunnel construction.
